Japanese Political Effort to increasing EV and its Effect

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Résumé:

Japanese Political Effort to increasing EV and its Effect

Toshiyuki Baba, Hosei Univ. Japan

„EV“, „FCV“, „Policy“

1. Purpose and Background
The trend of change to next generation automobiles is now became certain movement. EU decided they will prohibit to sell any automobile with engine using fossil fuel by 2035. In Chaina, they accelerate popularization of electric vehicles with various policies. Automobile manufactures production EVs such as BVD in Chaia or Tessla in USA were leaping forward.
According to Globel EV Outlook 2024, the ratio of EV which including BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) and PHEV (Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to all new car registrations in the world in 2023 becomes 18%. It was only 0.011% in 2010. In 2017 it broke the wall of 1% to 1.4%. In 2020, it became 4.2%. In 2022, it broke the wall of 10% to 14%. EV ratio to annual sales was dramatically positively increasing in 2010s and also 2020s.
In 2023, the EV ratio to sales are as follows. World is 18%, Europe is 21%, Chaina is 38%, USA is 9.5%. The highest share countries are in northern Europe. Norway is 93%, Iceland is 71%, Sweden is 60%, Finland is 54% and Denmark is 46%.
In the case of Japan, it looks like miss to riding on this wave. The EV ratio to sales in 2023 is 3.6%. It is 14.4 points behind by the World. On the other hand, in Japan we love a hybrid vehicle. Toyota started to sell first hybrid prius in 1997. They say “We arrived in time for the 21st century”. The sales share of hybrid in 2023 is beyond 50%.
How does Japanese government consider a direction of Japanese automobile marked. How do they consider a hybrid vehicle and an electronic vehicle as a new generation car. We would like to analyses according their polices.

2. Method
We will survey Japanese incentives to new generation viceless. We also look through strategies of Japanese auto manufactures. As a statistic, we plan to use such as IEA, OICA, Japanese government, JAMA or NEV.

3. Brief result
There are two governmental CEV incentives in Japan by METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) and MOE (Ministry of the Environment). One is state subsidies for promotion to introduce a clean energy car 「クリーンエネルギー自動車導入促進補助金」. Hereafter, we say this subsidy as subsidy for EV. Other is state subsidies for introduce infrastructures of charge and refilling for promotion to introduce a clean energy car「クリーンエネルギー自動車の普及促進に向けた充電・充てんインフラなど導入促進補助金」. Hereafter, we say this as subsidy for EV infra.
In 2024, a budget for subsidy of EV is 110 billion JPY (710 million USD, Rate is 155JPY/USD). It is paid when a person or an entity buys new EV, PHV, FCV or V2H Charging equipment. HV is not included in this subsides. A person can get one half of buying price until limited upper limit. Upper limits are as follows. An 850 thousand JPY (5.5 thousand UDS) is paid for buying new EV, 550 thousand JPY (3.5 thousand UDS) for light EV and PHEV, 1450 thousand JPY (9.4 thousand USD) for FCV.
A budget for subsidy of EV infra is 36 billion JPY (232 million UDS). It is paid a when a person or an entity buy a new EV infra. They can get one half, two third until upper limited amount when they buy changing equipment.
We more detailly analyze policies and their effect to increase Japanese EVs.